Freight Class for LTL Shipping Explained
Freight class is one of the most important factors that determines how much you pay for Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) shipping. Carriers use it to group shipments with similar characteristics so they can price them fairly and consistently.
The National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA) created the National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) system, which assigns every commodity a freight class from 50 (cheapest) to 500 (most expensive). Most shipments fall between 50 and 400.
How Freight Class Is Determined (The Four Factors)
Carriers look at four main characteristics when classifying freight:
- Density (weight per cubic foot) The most common factor. Heavier, denser shipments usually get lower (cheaper) classes. Very light, bulky shipments get higher (more expensive) classes.
- Stowability How easily the item can be stored or loaded with other freight. Items that are hazardous, awkward, or damage other goods get higher classes.
- Handling How much special care or equipment is needed. Fragile, heavy, or odd-shaped items require more handling → higher class.)
- Liability Risk of theft, damage, or loss. High-value or easily damaged items increase the class.
In practice, density is used for ~80–90% of everyday shipments. The other three factors come into play for special or hazardous freight.
Ready to Estimate Your LTL Cost?
Use our Freight Density Calculator to find your estimated class — then contact us for a real quote. We’ll factor in weight, distance, accessorials, and current carrier rates to give you the most accurate pricing.